hurdles, his Article VI allegations must be dismissed because they fail to state claims upon which relief can be granted.
A.    Plaintiff Lacks Standing to Raise Article VI Claims
"Article HI of the Constitution limits the 'judicial power' of the United States to the resolution of'cases' and 'controversies.'" Valley Forge Christian College v. Americans United for Separation of Church and State, 454 U.S. 464, 471 (1982). A fundamental part of Article DI's case or controversy requirement is that a plaintiff must have standing to invoke federal court jurisdiction. See id. at 471-73; Florida Audubon Society v. Bentsen, 94 F.3d 658,663 (D.C. Cir. 1996) (en bane). The "irreducible constitutional minimum of standing" under Article ffl requires that a plaintiff demonstrate three elements: (1) that he or she "ha[s] suffered an injury in fact — an invasion of a legally protected interest which is (a) concrete and particularized,... and (b) actual or imminent, not conjectural or hypothetical;" (2) that the injury was caused by, or is "fairly ... trace[able] to the challenged action of the defendant"; and (3) that it is "likely, as opposed to merely speculative, that the injury will be redressed by a favorable decision." Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife, 504 U.S. 555, 560-61 (1992) (internal quotation marks and citations omitted). Plaintiff bears the burden of demonstrating that he has standing to bring his claim. Florida Audubon Soc., 94 F.3d at 666 ("well-established rule that a plaintiff must demonstrate standing");
Albuquerque Indian Rights v. Lujan, 930 F.2d 49,55 (D.C. Cir. 1991) ("burden is on the plaintiff to allege facts sufficient to support standing") (quoting United Presbyterian Church in the USA v. Reagan, 738 F.2d 1375,1383 (D.C. Cir. 1984)).
In his complaint, plaintiff alleges that he has suffered three injuries. First, he alleges that he has been injured as a taxpayer by the spending of federal funds on the salary of the House and Senate Chaplains. Compl. ^ 81-89. Second, he alleges that he has suffered a "personal -17-