violation of the oath by a House or Senate officer, and thus has no basis for raising this claim. See Lewis v. Green, 629 F. Supp. 546, 554 n.l4 (D.D.C. 1986) ("Neither Article VI, clause 3, which mandates that federal judges swear an oath of allegiance to the Constitution, nor 28 U.S.C. § 453, which sets forth that oath, creates a substantive cause of action against federal judges for violating that oath by acting contrary to the Constitution."); cf. Conner v. Tate, 130 F. Supp.2d 1370,1380-81 (N.D. Ga. 2001) (dismissing claim against state officials for violation of oaths of office because no private cause of action under Georgia law for such violation); Lebo-wich v. 0'Connor, 309 F.2d 111, 113-14 (2d Cir. 1962) (upholding district court's dismissal of suit seeking declaratory judgment that local officials had violated oaths of office). Moreover, the alleged prayer statements that plaintiff takes issue with - "that God and God's law reigns supreme in this Nation," Compl. 169 - simply do not contradict or violate the Chaplains' oath to support and defend the Constitution.30
Accordingly, plaintiffs Supremacy Clause claim and his claim of a violation of the Article VI oath should be dismissed.
30 That plaintiffs claim is without any legal merit is highlighted by the fact that, under plaintiffs reasoning, all Members of Congress, all federal officers and employees, all state legislators, and all state officers and employees who belong to religious faiths that contain a belief of the ultimate sovereignty of the laws of a Supreme Being over all nations, would be in violation of their oaths to uphold the Constitution.
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